Dall’analisi di Ben Cahill, Sandeep Pai, Tayia Smith, CSIS. Expectations were low for the 27th UN Conference of the Parties (COP27) in Sharm El Sheikh, even though the Egyptian presidency branded it as an “implementation COP.” Last November’s COP26 in Glasgow was the first opportunity to review the more ambitious nationally determined contributions (NDCs) countries were required to submit five years after the Paris agreement. COP26 also marked the return of the United States to climate leadership, after former president Trump withdrew from the Paris Agreement. As such, COP26 felt like a critical test of the world’s commitment to keeping the target of 1.5 degrees Celsius warming alive, even if on life support. By contrast, COP27 always felt like a lower-stakes affair—even before an energy security crisis broke out in Europe and energy costs soared around the world.