Five years ago, the announcements that the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain would normalize relations with Israel caught the world by surprise. Subsequent announcements on Kosovo, Sudan, and Morocco demonstrated that the new spirit of cooperation in the Middle East—embodied in the Abraham Accords signing ceremony at the White House on September 15, 2020—was not an isolated trend. The world and the Middle East specifically have changed significantly in those five years, with intensifying major power competition, a reimagining of the US role in the world, rapid technological change, major evolutions in the conflict between Iran and both Israel and Gulf countries, significant political change across the Middle East, and the October 7 tragedy and the resulting war in Gaza—to name a few.
The Abraham Accords at five (Allison Minor, Daniel B. Shapiro, Amir Hayek, Loay Alshareef, Ahmed Khuzaie, Sarah Zaaimi – Atlantic Council)
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