The world is at a critical moment in the race for artificial intelligence (AI) leadership. As the global competition for leadership in AI heats up, the current trend is toward the concentration of data, capital, talent, and cutting-edge research in the hands of a few firms and even fewer countries. The United States and China, the world’s two “AI superpowers,” are locked in what is being called an “AI arms race” for the faster development and adoption of AI. Firms in these countries are building newer applications—commercial as well as military—for global adoption. The January 2025 release of DeepSeek-R1, an open-source model developed by a Chinese AI start-up, sparked panic in the United States’ AI sector, serving as yet another example of the AI race heating up. At the same time, other countries—notably, India, Japan, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Singapore, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), among others—want to prevent such concentration and are charting their own AI strategies to compete in this arena. These countries are attempting to find ways to avoid being relegated to observer status in the global AI race.
The Missing Pieces in India’s AI Puzzle: Talent, Data, and R&D (Anirudh Suri, Carnegie India)
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