Operation Sindoor, conducted by India in response to the Pahalgam terrorist attack, has decisively altered the security dynamics between India and Pakistan. This operation was the deepest and most extensive military campaign executed by India since the 1971 India-Pakistan war. Utilising advanced military capabilities, this tri-service operation targeted nine terrorist infrastructure sites in Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir (PoJK) and Pakistani Punjab and subsequently several critical facilities of the Pakistani military. No less important was the role of Indian air defences in repelling Pakistani hostile drone activity and missile strikes. While India maintained that its initial strikes on 7 May were non-escalatory, the expanding nature of the Pakistani retaliation—targeting Indian military and civilian targets—forced New Delhi to gradually intensify its campaign in the subsequent days. As expected, Pakistan also attempted to engage in ‘nuclear blackmail’ to ward off any further Indian conventional escalation.
In the Aftermath of Operation Sindoor: Escalation, Deterrence, and India-Pakistan Strategic Stability (Harsh V. Pant, Sameer Patil – Observer Research Foundation)
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