The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) in Belém unfolded amidst shifting geopolitical currents. With Western climate leadership fragmented, Europe recalibrating its ambitions, and the United States (US) absent from full participation, the centre of gravity in global climate negotiations is shifting toward emerging economies. COP30 reflected this transition: the summit delivered modest gains on adaptation and social equity, fell short on mitigation, and highlighted deeper structural changes required in institutions shaping climate governance. The most notable trend was the assertiveness with which BRICS and broader Global South coalitions influenced the agenda, narrative, and expectations of the negotiations.
COP30: Mixed Outcomes and BRICS-Led Climate Momentum (Sandra Thachirickal Prathap – Observer Research Foundation)
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