Adversary Entente Task Force Update, September 10, 2025 (Institute for the Study of War)

Russia is relying on its allies, particularly the PRC, for energy revenues and economic support ahead of possible Western sanctions impacting Russian energy exports.
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un may have used his attendance at the PRC Victory Day military parade to balance relations between the PRC and Russia.
BRICS has appeared less receptive to PRC efforts to promote its global leadership than SCO member states have been.
Iran’s cooperation with the Adversary Entente remains critical to the Iranian ability to reconstitute its forces following the Israel-Iran war and offset international sanctions.

Adversary Entente Task Force Update, September 10, 2025 | ISW