Europe
(The Soufan Center) Twenty-five years after the 9/11 attacks, the terrorist threat in Europe has evolved, with tactics, structures, and narratives that continue to change. Today’s threat is defined by digital exploitation, decentralized initiative, and violent extremists’ ability to learn and adapt quickly, complicating both detection and prevention. Large-scale terrorist operations are unlikely as Europe faces a fragmented terrorist ecosystem in which jihadist propaganda, encrypted communication, converging ideologies, youth subcultures, and low-threshold, single-actor attack methods converge. In 2026, jihadism remains the most consequential terrorist threat in the European Union and the United Kingdom, yet far-right, far-left, anarchist, separatist, nihilistic, and conspiracy-driven extremism has gained ground. – 25 Years After 9/11: Europe’s Convergent Terrorist Threat Matrix – The Soufan Center
